Yes, unfortunately it does. Every time Maria reads a byte of graphics data Sally is halted. So the more graphics you display, effectively the slower Sally gets. It is the same with the 5200/8-bit computers, but potentially worse on the 7800 since Maria can display a lot more graphic objects than ANTIC/GTIA.
In the worst case, if you drive Maria to its maximum then essentially Sally does not run at all. There are 262 scanlines per NTSC frame (not all visible), so with a 224 scanline display and a maxed out Maria, Sally only runs during the 38 non-display scanlines effectively reducing the 1.79MHz clock rate to 0.26MHz.
Of course you don't normally max out Maria but the more graphics you see on screen, the less time there is for code to run.